نشریه فیزیولوژی محیطی گیاهی
پیاپی 2 (تابستان 1385)

In this research, the effect of different amounts of ammonium sulphate as sulphate fertilizer in 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 Kg/ha under farm conditions on amount of chlorophyll a, b, carotene and xanthophyll and enzymes activity of catalase, peroxidase and nitrate reductase were evaluated. The results showed that increasing of ammounium sulphate content were ncreased amount of chl a, b, carotene and xanthophyll in leaf of canola significantly. Peroxidase and nitrate reductase activities in root of treated plants increased with increasing of sulphate in soil, while the activity of catalase in two parts of canola (root and leaf) did not have any significantly changes at different contents of sulfur in soils.

The effect of limited continuous irradiance and photoperiods on survival, growth and heterocyst frequencies of cyanobacterium Fischerella ambigua collected from paddy-fields of Golestan province have been studied at laboratory condition. After soil collection and culture, sample were isolated, purified, and incubated under 2μEm-2s-1 continuous irradiance with no carbon dioxide addition. The photoperiods were 2, 4, 6, 8 hours darkness each day. Survival, growth and heterocyst frequencies were studied in each treatment using optical density and chlorophyll measurements. Results showed that this cyanobacterium can survive under relatively short times of darkness (2 and possibly 4hours). The highest specific growth rate was related to 2hours dankness daily. 6 and 8hours darknesses cause relative similar results. 8hours darkness daily showed the highest degree of stress and cause sharp drop in growth. Chlorophyll production and morphological behaviors of aggregations showed unpredictable irregular fluctuations independent of photoperiods. We saw highest amount of heterocyst frequency and better regular patterns of heterocyst production at continuous irradiance but correlation between growth and heterocyst production differ completely at this condition.

In the present study, the effects of NaCl (100, 150 and 200mm) on nitrate assimilation in Soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Pershing) seedlings was studied. In vivo. Based on the results of this study, salinity affects nitrate uptake more than its reduction, and in different concentrations, these effects are not identical. Treatments 150 and 200Mm influence on the induction phase of nitrate uptake, but 100mM treatment, affects uptake rate only. There is a decrease in nitrate efflux from secondary root tip slices of seedlings that were in Hoagland solutions (one third concentration,during 24 hours) with different concentrations of NaCl, for 150 and 200 mM treatments, that may reflect the changes in the structure of root cells membranes. Regarding the effects of salinity on nitrate reduction, it seems that in spite of inducive type of nitrate reductase, the constitutive type is affected by salinity, significantly.

Wheat is a moderately tolerant plant to salinity stress, but its genotypes have difference in tolerance range in saline circumstance. In order to evaluate of breed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under saline and normal conditions, an experiment was conducted in 2004 in Golestan agriculture research center. In this research 25 genotypes were evaluated in lab and farm. In lab phase, germination test was arranged in randomized complete block design with three replication in two environments (saline by NaCl with 10dS/m and distilled water with 0 dS/m) and some seed and seedling characteristica as well as root and shoot length, root and shoot dry weight, germination percent were evaluated. In filed experiment seed yield, Cl-, Na+and K+ ions accumulation were measured and some parameters were consist of Stress Tolerance Index (STI), Sensitive Index (SSI) and TOL were calculated. Results indicated that there were significant difference in germination traits among genotype (P<0.05). It was shown that STI is the best parameters for tolerance in genotype selection. IAS58/4/KAL/BB//CJ71/3/ALD/5/CNR/6/BAU/7/BAU/8/BR23/PF, TNMU/SKAUZ SITE/ORL-9127 PRINIA//LIRA/TAN, OPATA85//VEE#5"S"/SARA, TAJAN genotypes have higher tolerance in saline condition and then it could be selected as superior genotypes.

The peanut plant from the Fabaceae family has many different cultivars. In this research the American cultivar and the local Gilan cultivar were choosen and planted under field conditions. The experimental design of the above research was Split plate test with completely randomized block design for growth regulators, with two treatments and a control. Treatments were six milligrams per liter IAA (a) and eight milligrams per liter IAA (b). The effect of hormone on the weight of hull and seed, the weight of the hull without seed, number of seeds in the hull, number of pegs on the plant showed that, the above mentioned factors had no significant effect, but the effect was noticeable on the development of peg into pod.In the local Gilan cultivar the development of peg into pod decreased but it increased in the American cultivar. In order to have an increase of the weight of seeds and pod yield, in the Local Gilan cultivar, low content of IAA should be applied, while in the American cultivar high level of IAA led to an increase of the weight of thousand of seeds and pod yield.

An ethnopharmacognostic survey on the traditional pharmaceutical knowledge (TPhk) of old and newly introduced natural remedies used for healing humans in two small mountainous area in Goleston province, Northern Iran. Approximately 56 medicine species of trees or shrubs belongs to 27 families were recorded. The objectives of this study were to introduce important useful parts and their medicinal characteristice them in two indigenous region. We found all these plants in which used by the rural people in traditional uses and food consumption that the main of them included:Juniperus communis, Berberis vulgaris, Alnus glutinosa, Carpinus betulus, Alnus subcordata, Cornus australis, Corylus avelana, Crataegus oxycantha, Rhamnus palassi, Ilex aquifolium, Lonicera caprifolia, Mespilus germaniac, Tillia platyphllus, Paliurus spina christi, Prunus spinosa, Quercus castaneafolia, Rosa canina, Hypericum androsaemum, Rubus fruticosus, Salix alba, Smilax excelsa, Taxus baccata, Viscum album, Cerasus spp, Mespilus sp and Pyrus spinosa. Among these remedies, the common use of the aerial parts of Hypericum androsaemum and the leaves of Morus alba against cough, migraine and healing wounds. Fleshy female cone of Juniperus communis against Urinary Trace Infection. Crataegus for heart tonic and Salix alba against rheumatic pain. The data that we present here could suggest new inputs for further phytochemical and pharmacological studies among Iranian folk pharmacopoeia, and also for sustaining environmentally integrated projects focuses on of the maintenance of TPhk via breeding or controlled gathering activities of local medicinal species.

The present survey has been carried out on sixteen species of the genus Linum L. in Iran with the aim to illustrate  inter specific relationships and to evaluate the taxonomic treatments proposed for the genus on the basis of morphological and palynological studies and further application of multivariate analysis to the data resulted from these studies. Grouping of species has highly supported the proposed memberships of Linum species in Iran and application of palynological data together with morphological data has been proven to be efficient for application at sub-generic level in taxonomic treatments of the genus Linum in Iran.